A–Z reference of market signals: technical, sentiment, breadth, volatility, volume, derivatives, and crypto.
A concise reference to technical, sentiment, market-breadth, volatility, volume, derivatives, and crypto-specific signals for individual investors.
0–9 · A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · K · L · M · N · O · P · R · S · T · U · V · W
Each entry gives a brief interpretation of a market signal. Signals should be evaluated in context and, where possible, confirmed with other evidence such as price structure, volume, trend, fundamentals, or sentiment.
Educational information only. No individual signal reliably predicts future performance, and this material does not constitute investment advice.
52-week high breakout
A move above the asset’s highest price of the previous 52 weeks. It may indicate strong upward momentum, particularly when accompanied by increased volume.
52-week low breakdown
A move below the asset’s lowest price of the previous 52 weeks. It may signal persistent selling pressure or a deterioration in market confidence.
Accumulation signal
An indication that investors may be steadily buying an asset, often inferred from rising volume, positive money flow, or stronger prices over time.
Advance-decline crossover
A signal produced when an advance-decline measure crosses a moving average or reference line, indicating a possible change in overall market participation.
Advance-decline divergence
A disagreement between a market index and the number of advancing versus declining securities. It may indicate that the index’s movement lacks broad participation.
ADX trend strength
A reading from the Average Directional Index that measures the strength of a trend, regardless of whether the trend is upward or downward.
ADX trend strength breakout
A rise in ADX above a defined threshold, suggesting that a previously weak or range-bound market may be developing a stronger trend.
Altcoin season signal
An indication that a broad group of cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin is outperforming Bitcoin over a defined period.
Ascending triangle
A bullish-leaning chart pattern formed by horizontal resistance and rising lows. A confirmed move above resistance may signal continuation of the upward trend.
ATR breakout
A price movement that exceeds a threshold based on Average True Range, suggesting that the move is unusually large relative to recent volatility.
Band touch
An event in which price reaches or crosses the upper or lower boundary of a volatility band, such as a Bollinger Band. A touch does not by itself confirm a reversal.
Bear flag
A short upward or sideways consolidation that forms after a sharp decline. A breakdown from the pattern may indicate continuation of the downward trend.
Bear pennant
A small converging consolidation that forms after a steep decline. A break below the pattern may signal renewed selling pressure.
Bear trap
A false bearish signal in which price breaks below support but quickly reverses higher, potentially trapping traders who entered short positions.
Bearish breadth divergence
A condition in which a market index rises or remains strong while fewer securities participate in the advance. It may warn that market strength is narrowing.
Bearish breakdown
A decisive move below a support level, trading range, or chart pattern. It may indicate that sellers have gained control.
Bearish crossover
A general signal produced when a faster indicator crosses below a slower indicator or reference line, suggesting weakening momentum.
Bearish divergence
A condition in which price reaches a higher high while an indicator forms a lower high. It may suggest that upward momentum is weakening.
Bearish DMI crossover
A signal in which the negative directional indicator, -DI, crosses above the positive directional indicator, +DI, suggesting that downward price movement is gaining strength.
Bearish engulfing
A two-candlestick pattern in which a large bearish candle’s body fully covers the previous bullish candle’s body. It may signal a possible downward reversal.
Bearish harami
A two-candlestick pattern in which a small bearish candle forms within the body of a larger bullish candle. It may indicate weakening buying momentum.
Bearish MACD crossover
A signal produced when the MACD line crosses below its signal line, suggesting that upward momentum may be weakening or turning negative.
Bearish moving-average crossover
A signal produced when a shorter-term moving average crosses below a longer-term moving average, indicating possible deterioration in the trend.
Bearish sentiment
A general expectation among investors that an asset or market is likely to decline. Extreme bearishness can sometimes precede a reversal.
Bearish stochastic crossover
A signal produced when the faster stochastic line crosses below the slower signal line, particularly when the indicator is near an overbought level.
Bearish trend confirmation
Evidence from price, volume, momentum, or trend indicators that supports the continuation or establishment of a downward trend.
Bitcoin dominance breakout
A move in Bitcoin’s share of the total crypto market above an established resistance level. It may indicate capital rotating toward Bitcoin and away from altcoins.
Bitcoin dominance reversal
A change in the direction of Bitcoin’s share of the total crypto market. A decline may suggest improving relative performance among altcoins.
Bollinger Band breakout
A price move beyond the upper or lower Bollinger Band. It may reflect strong momentum or increased volatility but does not automatically signal a reversal.
Bollinger Band expansion
A widening of the Bollinger Bands caused by increasing price volatility. It often occurs as a market begins moving more forcefully.
Bollinger Band reversal
A reversal that occurs after price reaches or exceeds a Bollinger Band and then moves back toward the center of the range.
Bollinger Band squeeze
A period in which Bollinger Bands narrow substantially, indicating low volatility. It may precede a larger price move in either direction.
Bull flag
A short downward or sideways consolidation that forms after a sharp advance. A breakout above the pattern may signal continuation of the upward trend.
Bull flag breakout
A move above the upper boundary of a bull flag. It is commonly interpreted as confirmation that the preceding upward trend may resume.
Bull pennant
A small converging consolidation that forms after a strong advance. A breakout above the pattern may indicate continued buying momentum.
Bull trap
A false bullish signal in which price breaks above resistance but quickly falls back, potentially trapping buyers who entered on the breakout.
Bullish breadth divergence
A condition in which a market index weakens while an increasing number of securities begin advancing. It may signal improving market participation beneath the surface.
Bullish breakout
A decisive move above resistance, a trading range, or a chart pattern. It may indicate that buyers have gained control.
Bullish crossover
A general signal produced when a faster indicator crosses above a slower indicator or reference line, suggesting improving momentum.
Bullish divergence
A condition in which price forms a lower low while an indicator forms a higher low. It may suggest that downward momentum is weakening.
Bullish DMI crossover
A signal in which the positive directional indicator, +DI, crosses above the negative directional indicator, -DI, suggesting that upward price movement is gaining strength.
Bullish engulfing
A two-candlestick pattern in which a large bullish candle’s body fully covers the previous bearish candle’s body. It may signal a possible upward reversal.
Bullish harami
A two-candlestick pattern in which a small bullish candle forms within the body of a larger bearish candle. It may indicate weakening selling momentum.
Bullish MACD crossover
A signal produced when the MACD line crosses above its signal line, suggesting that upward momentum may be strengthening.
Bullish moving-average crossover
A signal produced when a shorter-term moving average crosses above a longer-term moving average, indicating possible improvement in the trend.
Bullish sentiment
A general expectation among investors that an asset or market is likely to rise. Extremely bullish sentiment can sometimes indicate excessive optimism.
Bullish stochastic crossover
A signal produced when the faster stochastic line crosses above the slower signal line, particularly when the indicator is near an oversold level.
Bullish trend confirmation
Evidence from price, volume, momentum, or trend indicators that supports the continuation or establishment of an upward trend.
Centerline crossover
A signal produced when an oscillator crosses its neutral midpoint, such as RSI crossing 50 or MACD crossing zero. It may indicate a shift in momentum.
Consolidation breakout
A price move beyond the boundary of a period of sideways trading. It may signal the start of a new directional move.
Crypto market dominance
The percentage of the total cryptocurrency market capitalization represented by a particular cryptocurrency or group of cryptocurrencies.
Crypto positioning signal
An indication derived from futures, funding rates, open interest, long-short ratios, or other derivatives data that reflects how crypto traders are positioned.
Cup and handle breakout
A move above the resistance level of a rounded cup-and-handle chart pattern. It is commonly interpreted as a bullish continuation signal.
Dark cloud cover
A two-candlestick bearish reversal pattern in which a strong bearish candle closes deeply into the body of the previous bullish candle.
Death cross
A bearish moving-average signal, commonly defined as the 50-day moving average crossing below the 200-day moving average.
Descending triangle
A bearish-leaning chart pattern formed by horizontal support and declining highs. A confirmed break below support may signal continuation downward.
Distribution signal
An indication that investors may be steadily selling an asset, often inferred from declining prices, elevated volume, or negative money flow.
DMI crossover
A crossover between the positive and negative components of the Directional Movement Index. It may indicate a change in directional control.
Doji reversal
A possible reversal indicated by a doji candlestick, whose open and close are nearly equal. Its meaning depends heavily on the preceding trend and subsequent confirmation.
Double bottom
A bullish reversal pattern in which price tests a similar low twice and then breaks above the intervening resistance level.
Double top
A bearish reversal pattern in which price tests a similar high twice and then breaks below the intervening support level.
Downtrend signal
An indication that price is forming a persistent sequence of lower highs and lower lows or otherwise exhibiting sustained downward momentum.
Dragonfly doji
A doji candlestick with a long lower shadow and little or no upper shadow. After a decline, it may indicate rejection of lower prices.
EMA crossover
A signal produced when one exponential moving average crosses another. Because EMAs give more weight to recent prices, they may react faster than simple moving averages.
Evening star
A three-candlestick bearish reversal pattern consisting of a strong upward candle, a small indecisive candle, and a strong downward candle.
Exchange inflow signal
An increase in cryptocurrency transferred to exchanges. It may indicate that holders are preparing to sell, although transfers can occur for other reasons.
Exchange outflow signal
An increase in cryptocurrency withdrawn from exchanges. It may indicate accumulation or movement into longer-term storage.
Extreme fear signal
A sentiment reading showing unusually high investor fear. It may coincide with heavy selling, although fear can persist during prolonged declines.
Extreme greed signal
A sentiment reading showing unusually high investor optimism or risk-taking. It may indicate an overheated market, although strong trends can continue.
Falling price and falling volume
A decline occurring on decreasing volume. It may suggest that selling pressure is weakening, although it does not confirm a reversal.
Falling price and rising volume
A decline accompanied by increasing volume. It often indicates stronger selling participation and may confirm bearish momentum.
Falling wedge
A narrowing chart pattern formed by declining trendlines. A breakout above the upper boundary may signal a bullish reversal or continuation.
False breakout
A temporary move beyond support or resistance that fails to hold and quickly returns within the prior range.
Funding rate signal
A signal derived from payments exchanged between long and short perpetual-futures traders. It helps show whether leveraged positioning is tilted bullish or bearish.
Gap breakout
A breakout in which price opens substantially above resistance or below support, leaving a gap from the previous trading range.
Gap down
An opening price that is materially below the previous session’s closing price, often reflecting negative news or strong overnight selling pressure.
Gap up
An opening price that is materially above the previous session’s closing price, often reflecting positive news or strong overnight buying interest.
Golden cross
A bullish moving-average signal, commonly defined as the 50-day moving average crossing above the 200-day moving average.
Gravestone doji
A doji candlestick with a long upper shadow and little or no lower shadow. After an advance, it may indicate rejection of higher prices.
Hammer
A candlestick with a small body and long lower shadow that appears after a decline. It may indicate that sellers lost control and buyers began to respond.
Hanging man
A hammer-shaped candlestick that appears after an advance. It may warn of selling pressure beneath the market, especially if followed by a decline.
Head and shoulders reversal
A bearish reversal pattern consisting of three peaks, with the middle peak higher than the others. A break below the neckline may confirm the pattern.
Higher high
A price peak that is above the previous peak. A sequence of higher highs is commonly associated with an uptrend.
Higher low
A price trough that remains above the previous trough. Repeated higher lows may indicate strengthening demand.
Ichimoku bearish crossover
A bearish Ichimoku signal, commonly produced when the conversion line crosses below the base line. Its strength depends partly on its position relative to the cloud.
Ichimoku bullish crossover
A bullish Ichimoku signal, commonly produced when the conversion line crosses above the base line. Its strength depends partly on its position relative to the cloud.
Inverse head and shoulders
A bullish reversal pattern consisting of three troughs, with the middle trough lower than the others. A move above the neckline may confirm the reversal.
Keltner Channel breakout
A move beyond the upper or lower boundary of a Keltner Channel. It may indicate strong directional momentum or an expansion in volatility.
Kumo cloud breakout
An Ichimoku signal produced when price moves decisively above or below the cloud. A move above is generally bullish, while a move below is generally bearish.
Liquidation cascade
A rapid sequence of forced position closures that intensifies a market move. Cascades are common in highly leveraged crypto and derivatives markets.
Long liquidation signal
Evidence that leveraged long positions are being forcibly closed because prices have fallen below required margin levels.
Long-short ratio
A measure comparing the number or value of bullish positions with bearish positions. Extreme readings may indicate crowded positioning.
Lower Bollinger Band breakdown
A move below the lower Bollinger Band. It may indicate strong bearish momentum or an unusually stretched downside move.
Lower high
A price peak that is below the preceding peak. A sequence of lower highs is commonly associated with a downtrend.
Lower low
A price trough that falls below the previous trough. Repeated lower lows may indicate persistent selling pressure.
MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)
An indicator blending trend and momentum: the difference between two moving averages (the MACD line) plotted against a signal line, with a histogram showing the gap between the two. A widening histogram suggests strengthening momentum; a narrowing one suggests it is fading.
MACD bearish divergence
A condition in which price forms a higher high while MACD forms a lower high. It may indicate weakening upward momentum.
MACD bullish divergence
A condition in which price forms a lower low while MACD forms a higher low. It may indicate weakening downward momentum.
MACD histogram reversal
A change in direction of the MACD histogram, suggesting that the difference between MACD and its signal line is beginning to narrow or widen in the opposite direction.
MACD momentum shift
A change in MACD behavior that suggests momentum is strengthening, weakening, or changing direction.
MACD signal-line crossover
A signal produced when the MACD line crosses its signal line. An upward crossover is generally bullish; a downward crossover is generally bearish.
MACD zero-line crossover
A signal produced when MACD crosses above or below zero. It indicates that the shorter-term moving average has moved above or below the longer-term moving average.
Market breadth thrust
A rapid and unusually broad increase in advancing securities. It may signal strong participation and a meaningful improvement in market momentum.
Momentum breakout
A sharp increase in the strength or speed of price movement beyond a prior range or indicator threshold.
Momentum divergence
A condition in which price and a momentum indicator move in different directions. It may warn that the prevailing trend is losing strength.
Momentum reversal
A change from strengthening to weakening momentum, or vice versa. It may precede a reversal in price but requires confirmation.
Money flow crossover
A signal produced when a money-flow indicator crosses a reference line or moving average, suggesting a change in buying or selling pressure.
Money flow divergence
A disagreement between price and a money-flow indicator. It may reveal that capital flows are not confirming the current price trend.
Morning star
A three-candlestick bullish reversal pattern consisting of a strong downward candle, a small indecisive candle, and a strong upward candle.
Moving-average crossover
A signal produced when one moving average crosses another. The interpretation depends on which average is faster and the direction of the crossover.
Moving-average resistance
A condition in which price repeatedly struggles to rise above a moving average. The average may be acting as dynamic resistance.
Moving-average ribbon
A group of moving averages with different time periods plotted together to show trend direction, alignment, and possible compression or expansion.
Moving-average support
A condition in which price repeatedly holds above or rebounds from a moving average. The average may be acting as dynamic support.
Negative DMI crossover
A signal in which -DI crosses above +DI, suggesting that downward directional movement has become stronger than upward movement.
Negative funding rate
A perpetual-futures condition in which short traders generally pay long traders. It often reflects bearish positioning or strong demand for short exposure.
New highs versus new lows
A market-breadth measure comparing the number of securities reaching new highs with those reaching new lows. It helps assess the strength of the broader market.
OBV bearish divergence
A condition in which price rises or reaches a higher high while On-Balance Volume weakens. It may suggest that buying volume is not confirming the advance.
OBV bullish divergence
A condition in which price falls or reaches a lower low while On-Balance Volume improves. It may suggest that selling pressure is weakening.
On-balance volume breakout
A move by On-Balance Volume above or below an established range or trendline. It may indicate a meaningful change in volume pressure.
Open interest divergence
A disagreement between price movement and the number of outstanding derivatives contracts. It may indicate that participation is weakening or positioning is changing.
Open interest spike
A sudden increase in outstanding futures or options contracts. It may signal rapid growth in leveraged participation and potentially greater volatility.
Overbought market
A market that has risen rapidly or reached an elevated momentum reading. It may be vulnerable to consolidation or reversal, but it can remain overbought during a strong trend.
Overbought reentry
A signal produced when an indicator falls below an overbought threshold after previously moving above it. It may suggest that upward momentum is beginning to cool.
Oversold market
A market that has fallen rapidly or reached a depressed momentum reading. It may be positioned for a rebound, but it can remain oversold during a strong decline.
Oversold reentry
A signal produced when an indicator rises above an oversold threshold after previously moving below it. It may suggest that selling momentum is beginning to ease.
Parabolic SAR reversal
A signal produced when the Parabolic SAR indicator switches from one side of price to the other, indicating a possible change in trend direction.
Piercing line pattern
A two-candlestick bullish reversal pattern in which a strong bullish candle closes well into the body of the previous bearish candle.
Positive DMI crossover
A signal in which +DI crosses above -DI, suggesting that upward directional movement has become stronger than downward movement.
Positive funding rate
A perpetual-futures condition in which long traders generally pay short traders. It often reflects bullish positioning or strong demand for leveraged long exposure.
Price above moving average
A condition in which price trades above a selected moving average. It is commonly interpreted as evidence of positive trend positioning.
Price below moving average
A condition in which price trades below a selected moving average. It is commonly interpreted as evidence of negative trend positioning.
Price reversal
A meaningful change in price direction after an established advance or decline. Confirmation may come from volume, chart patterns, or momentum indicators.
Price-moving-average crossover
A signal produced when price crosses above or below a moving average. It may indicate a change in short-term trend direction.
Put-call ratio signal
A sentiment signal based on the volume or open interest of put options relative to call options. High or low readings may indicate bearishness, bullishness, or crowded positioning.
Range breakout
A move above the upper boundary or below the lower boundary of a defined trading range.
Rate-of-change crossover
A signal produced when the Rate of Change indicator crosses zero, a signal line, or another specified threshold.
Resistance breakout
A decisive move above a level where selling previously prevented further price increases.
Rising price and falling volume
An advance occurring on declining volume. It may indicate that buying participation is weakening.
Rising price and rising volume
An advance accompanied by increasing volume. It generally indicates stronger buying participation and may confirm bullish momentum.
Rising wedge
A narrowing chart pattern formed by rising trendlines. A breakdown below the lower boundary is commonly interpreted as bearish.
Risk-off signal
An indication that investors are reducing exposure to riskier assets and moving toward assets perceived as safer or more defensive.
Risk-on signal
An indication that investors are increasing exposure to growth-oriented, volatile, or otherwise riskier assets.
Rounded bottom
A gradual U-shaped chart pattern that may indicate a transition from a prolonged decline to an emerging upward trend.
RSI (Relative Strength Index)
A momentum oscillator that ranges from 0 to 100, measuring the speed and size of recent moves. Readings above 70 are often read as overbought and below 30 as oversold, though a strong trend can hold RSI stretched for a long time — treat the thresholds as context, not triggers.
RSI bearish divergence
A condition in which price reaches a higher high while RSI forms a lower high. It may suggest weakening bullish momentum.
RSI bullish divergence
A condition in which price reaches a lower low while RSI forms a higher low. It may suggest weakening bearish momentum.
RSI centerline crossover
A signal produced when RSI crosses above or below 50. A move above 50 generally indicates improving momentum; a move below indicates weakening momentum.
RSI divergence
A disagreement between price direction and the Relative Strength Index. It may indicate that the prevailing trend is losing momentum.
RSI overbought
A condition in which RSI exceeds a specified upper threshold, commonly 70. It indicates strong recent gains but does not guarantee an immediate decline.
RSI oversold
A condition in which RSI falls below a specified lower threshold, commonly 30. It indicates strong recent losses but does not guarantee an immediate rebound.
Shooting star
A bearish reversal candlestick with a small body and long upper shadow that appears after an advance. It may indicate rejection of higher prices.
Short liquidation signal
Evidence that leveraged short positions are being forcibly closed because prices have risen beyond required margin levels.
Silver cross
A bullish medium-term moving-average crossover, commonly defined as the 50-day moving average crossing above the 100-day moving average. Definitions may vary by platform.
SMA crossover
A signal produced when one simple moving average crosses another. It may indicate a change in trend direction or momentum.
Spinning top
A candlestick with a small body and relatively long upper and lower shadows. It reflects indecision between buyers and sellers.
Squeeze momentum signal
A signal identifying unusually low volatility followed by a potential increase in momentum. It is often derived from Bollinger Bands and Keltner Channels.
Stablecoin inflow signal
An increase in stablecoins transferred onto crypto exchanges. It may indicate potential buying capacity entering the market.
Stochastic bearish crossover
A signal produced when the faster stochastic line crosses below the slower line, often interpreted as weakening momentum.
Stochastic bullish crossover
A signal produced when the faster stochastic line crosses above the slower line, often interpreted as improving momentum.
Stochastic crossover
A crossover between the %K and %D lines of the stochastic oscillator. Its interpretation depends on direction and whether it occurs near an extreme level.
Stochastic overbought
A condition in which the stochastic oscillator exceeds an upper threshold, commonly 80. It indicates that price is near the upper end of its recent range.
Stochastic oversold
A condition in which the stochastic oscillator falls below a lower threshold, commonly 20. It indicates that price is near the lower end of its recent range.
SuperTrend buy signal
A bullish signal produced when price moves above the SuperTrend indicator and the indicator changes to an upward-trend state.
SuperTrend flip
A change in the SuperTrend indicator from bullish to bearish or bearish to bullish as price crosses its volatility-adjusted threshold.
SuperTrend sell signal
A bearish signal produced when price moves below the SuperTrend indicator and the indicator changes to a downward-trend state.
Support and resistance reversal
A change in price direction after testing an established support or resistance level.
Support breakdown
A decisive move below a level where buying previously prevented further price declines.
Symmetrical triangle
A converging chart pattern formed by lower highs and higher lows. A breakout can occur in either direction.
Three black crows
A bearish reversal pattern consisting of three consecutive long bearish candles, each closing lower than the previous candle.
Three white soldiers
A bullish reversal pattern consisting of three consecutive long bullish candles, each closing higher than the previous candle.
TK cross
An Ichimoku signal produced when the Tenkan-sen crosses the Kijun-sen. An upward crossover is bullish; a downward crossover is bearish.
Trend continuation
A condition or pattern suggesting that the existing upward or downward trend is likely to resume after a pause.
Trend crossover
A crossover between trend-following indicators or reference levels that may indicate a change in the prevailing trend.
Trend reversal
A sustained change from an upward trend to a downward trend, or from a downward trend to an upward trend.
Triple bottom
A bullish reversal pattern in which price tests a similar support level three times before breaking above resistance.
Triple top
A bearish reversal pattern in which price tests a similar resistance level three times before breaking below support.
Upper Bollinger Band breakout
A move above the upper Bollinger Band. It may indicate strong bullish momentum, elevated volatility, or a temporarily stretched price.
Uptrend signal
An indication that price is forming higher highs and higher lows or otherwise exhibiting sustained upward momentum.
VIX reversal
A meaningful change in the direction of the VIX volatility index. A decline from elevated levels may reflect easing fear, while a rise from low levels may indicate growing concern.
VIX spike
A sudden increase in the VIX volatility index, often associated with heightened uncertainty, falling equity prices, or increased demand for downside protection.
Volatility breakout
A sudden expansion in price movement beyond a recent volatility range or indicator threshold.
Volatility contraction
A period in which price fluctuations become smaller. It may indicate consolidation before a larger move.
Volatility expansion
A period in which price fluctuations become larger. It often accompanies breakouts, strong trends, or market stress.
Volume breakout
A sharp increase in trading volume above a recent range or average. It may indicate unusually strong market participation.
Volume climax
An exceptionally high-volume event that may occur near the end of a strong advance or decline as buying or selling reaches an extreme.
Volume confirmation
Trading activity that supports a price movement or chart signal. For example, a breakout accompanied by elevated volume is often considered better confirmed.
Volume spike
A sudden and substantial increase in trading volume relative to normal activity. It may reflect news, institutional activity, panic, or speculative interest.
W-bottom
A bullish reversal pattern shaped like the letter W, consisting of two similar lows separated by a rebound. It is another name for a double bottom.
Important: Market indicators can produce false positives, lag changing conditions, or behave differently across assets and time frames. Investors should consider risk tolerance, investment horizon, liquidity, and the broader analytical context.