When a working approach stops working.
| Concept | Explanation | |---|---| | Strategy decay | A previously effective approach loses effectiveness. | | Crowding | More participants compete for the same opportunity. | | Structural change | Regulation, technology, or market design changes. | | Regime change | Inflation, growth, rates, or volatility environment changes. | | Parameter drift | Settings no longer fit asset behavior. | | Retirement rule | Condition for reducing or stopping the strategy. |